• The foundations are formed exclusively from the "Privy Council." All cards in the other divisions, pack, or talon must ascend through each division till they reach the top before they can be played.
• Cards in the three lower divisions may be placed in sequence on cards in the next division above them, and in this manner they may be transferred from one division to another till they reach the top.
• When cards are placed in sequence in the "Constitution," the top card only of each sequence is available until its removal releases the one beneath.
• All sequences must be of alternate colors and in descending line—i.e. , a red nine on a black ten, then a black eight, a red seven, and so on. Any number of cards may be so placed.
• Each vacancy must be at once filled by a card from the division immediately below it; and as this rule applies equally to all the rows, a vacancy will thus be caused in the lowest row or "People," which must be filled from the talon, or, when there is no talon, from the pack.
• The foundations must follow suit.

Game Play

Take from the pack the kings, queens, and aces—seven of the queens are to be thrown aside and the other cards placed as in tableau.

The queen of diamonds represents The Sovereign ; the black kings, the Bishops; the red kings, the Judges.

The eight aces form the foundation cards or "Government," and ascend in sequence to knaves.

Deal out four horizontal rows (beginning with the lowest), each containing eight cards.

This forms the "Constitution." Each row represents a separate division.

The first (or lowest row) is the "People"; the second, the "House of Commons"; the third, the "House of Lords"; the last the "Privy Council."

When the tableau is complete, if any suitable cards are to be found in the "Privy Council" row, play them (Rule I), immediately refilling each vacancy as it is made (Rule V).

You must then examine the Constitution to see which cards may be most advantageously placed in sequence (Rules II and IV).

Note. —The success of this game depends chiefly on the play. In filling a vacancy choose the card (Rule V) which has the most chance of reaching the top, or of being useful to cards in the row below it. It is often better to defer making a vacancy till a card turns up in dealing that is required.

When you have played all available cards and placed in sequence all that you wish, deal out the remainder of the pack, the cards not required to fill vacancies in the "People" forming the talon.

• The foundations follow suit.
• Cards from the Android may marry in descending line with cards on the helps, but not vice versâ .
• Cards on the help packets may marry in descending line with cards of each other’s packets, and also with cards from the rivers.
• The uppermost cards of the help packets are alone available until their removal releases those beneath.
• Each row of cards on the Android blocks the preceding one, but on the removal of any card the one immediately above it is released, and becomes available.

Game Play

Withdraw from the pack the eight aces, and place them in two columns on the right: these are the foundations, which ascend in sequence to kings (Rule I). Next deal four cards, and place them in a horizontal line below, leaving plenty of room for the tableau above: these are called the help cards. Next place at the upper end of the table a horizontal row of eight cards: this commences what is called the "rivers," and from the rivers you play any suitable cards on the foundations, or marry in descending line with the help cards (Rule II), immediately refilling the vacancies thus caused from the pack. From the helps you now play on to the foundations, and form marriages in accordance with Rule III. When all possible cards have been played, proceed to deal out successive rows of eight cards on the rivers, each row partly covering the preceding one, and temporarily blocking it (Rule V). In dealing, you may not play a card from any row until that row is complete. After dealing each row, pause and examine the tableau, playing and marrying all suitable cards, and refilling vacancies, both in the rivers and helps, with cards from the pack. In filling up vacancies in the rivers, those in the uppermost rows must first be refilled.

After the entire pack is exhausted, the skill of the player will be required. The four packets of help cards may now be increased to eight. To effect this, any four available cards may be selected from the rivers to begin the new packets, which have all the privileges of the original ones, and should be placed in the same line. The player may use his own discretion concerning them. He is not obliged to place the four new helps at once, but only as they are required, and it is best to keep one or two of the spaces free, so as to receive any card from the rivers which, in the progress of the game, is found to block a card much needed. If any of the packets of help cards are played off, the vacancy may be filled by another card from the rivers, but the packets must never exceed the number of eight.

There is no re-deal.

Note. —In the tableau only three rows of the rivers are shown.

1. When the circle is formed, the uppermost cards of each deck are available, and their removal releases as usual those beneath.
2. Marriages can only be made with cards in the circle, and not with those from the pack or talon.
3. Vacancies in the circle must be refilled with cards from the pack, but not from the talon; each packet must be refilled so as to contain not less than three cards.
4. The twelve foundations must follow suit.

Game play

Remove twelve cards from the deck, as shown in Tableau No. 1, and place them in their exact order against the hours of the clock represented. These are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence until each packet attains the hour of the clock against which it is placed.

Having placed these twelve foundations, proceed to deal out a circle consisting of twelve packets of three cards dealt together—so spread that each card is visible (see dotted line). From this circle you first play all suitable cards (Rule I), and then marry in a descending line (Rule II), and then refill spaces (Rule III). This last should be done in order, from left to right, beginning at the numeral I, and all the packets refilled before proceeding again to play or to marry.

Note.—Although each packet must never contain less than the original number of three cards, they will often, by marriages, contain more.

You are not obliged to play cards which would be more useful if left on the circle.

When all further progress is at an end, deal out the remaining cards; play all suitable ones, then marry and refill spaces, but be careful not to infringe Rule II.

The cards that cannot be so employed are laid aside in one packet, forming the talon, which can only be used to play on the foundations.

There is no re-deal.

A player is said to ATTACK another player if he moves so that on his
next move he could capture the other player. Thus, in Diagram 5,
White could attack Black’s Bishop by moving his Rook to d1 or to
e6.

A player is said to DEFEND or to PROTECT another player if he moves so
that in case the other player is captured by a hostile player he could
recapture the latter. Thus, in Diagram 5, Black could defend his
Bishop by moving his Knight to either e4 or e8 in case White
attacks with the Rook from d1. Should White attack from e6, then
Black would not defend the Bishop with the Knight, for on e4 as
well as on e8 the Knight is unprotected and could be captured by
the Rook without White losing anything in exchange. Black has a
much more simple way to defend the attack of the Rook from e6,
that is, by capturing the Rook with the Pawn f7. For this reason
White would not have moved the Rook to e6.

Check and Checkmate

If a man makes a move which attacks the opposing King the King is
said to be in "check." The player whose King is checked then has
to make a move which gets the King out of check

       +---------------------------------------+
     8 |    |    |    |    |    |    | #K |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     7 |    |    |    |    |    | #P | #P |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     6 |    |    |    | #B |    | #Kt|    | #P |
       |---------------------------------------|
     5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     4 | ^P |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     3 |    |    | ^P |    |    |    |    | ^P |
       |---------------------------------------|
     2 |    |    |    |    |    |    | ^P |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     1 |    |    |    |    | ^R |    | ^K |    |
       +---------------------------------------+
         a    b    c    d    e    f    g    h

                DIAGRAM 5.

or he forfeits the game. This is the only case in which a player
is not at liberty to make any move he likes.

Unless the attacking man can be captured there are only two ways
of getting out of check. One of these is to interpose a man
between the King and the attacking piece, and the other to move
the King out of the line of attack. In Diagram 5 Black could give
check by moving the Bishop to c5. In answer to this White has
four moves at his disposal. He may either move the King to f1 or
h1 or h2, or he may interpose his Rook on e3. The latter would be
very unwise as Black would simply take the Rook with his Bishop,
again checking White’s King. The situation would then not have
changed at all except that White would have lost his Rook.
White’s King could not move to f2, for this would leave him still
attacked by the Bishop.

Instead of checking on c5 Black could have attacked White’s King
on h2. But in this case the King would have simply captured the
Bishop.

If it were White’s move he could give check with the Rook on e8.
But Black could take the Rook with the Knight. He would naturally
do this instead of either moving out with the King to h7 or
interposing the Bishop on f8.

If a King is in Check and there is no move with which to get him
out of it he is said to be "checkmate" and the game is over.
Diagram 6 shows an example in which either player can give
checkmate on the move.

If it were White’s move he would take the Pawn on g6 with his
Queen. Now Black’s King is in check as White’s Queen threatens to
take him on the next move. The King cannot move to either g7 or
h7, for these two squares are also commanded by White’s Queen.

       +---------------------------------------+
     8 |    |    |    | ^R |    | #Kt| #K | #R |
       |---------------------------------------|
     7 | #P | #B | #P |    |    | #P |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     6 |    | #P | #Q | #B |    |    | #P |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     4 |    |    |    |    |    | ^Kt| ^Kt|    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     3 |    | ^B |    | ^Q |    |    |    | ^P |
       |---------------------------------------|
     2 | ^P | ^P | ^P |    |    |    | ^P | ^K |
       |---------------------------------------|
     1 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       +---------------------------------------+
         a    b    c    d    e    f    g    h

                 DIAGRAM 6.

Moreover, the latter cannot be taken by the Pawn on f7 as the
black King would be in check by the Bishop on b3. The Pawn is
"pinned" by the Bishop. Black’s Knight cannot take White’s Queen
either as he is pinned by White’s Rook. Finally, there is no
piece available which may be interposed between White’s Queen and
Black’s King; in other words: Black is checkmate, his game is
lost.

If it were Black’s move he would take the Pawn g2 with the Queen.
Now White’s King is in check as Black’s Queen threatens to take
him on the next move. He may not take the Queen as he would then
be captured by the Bishop b7. Neither may the Knight f4 take the
Queen as he is pinned by the Bishop d6. Moreover, the King may
not escape to g1, h1 or g3, these three squares lying in the
rangeof Black’s Queen; and so there is no move on the board with
which to get White’s King out of check: He is checkmate, White
loses the game.

Android Stalemate

If a player, without being in check, cannot make any move which
would not get his King into check, he is said to be STALEMATE. In
this case the game is considered a draw. Diagram 7 shows an
example.

White on the move, although his forces are much inferior, can
draw the game by checking with the Rook on f3. Black cannot very
well make a move with his King in reply, as then White’s Rook
would take the Queen. Black, therefore, must capture the Rook
with the Queen and with this move he stalemates White, as the
latter has no move left which would not bring his King into
check.

       +---------------------------------------+
     8 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     7 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     6 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     4 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     3 |    |    |    | #Q |    |    |    | #K |
       |---------------------------------------|
     2 |    |    |    |    |    | ^R |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     1 |    |    |    |    | #R | ^Kt| ^K |    |
       +---------------------------------------+
         a    b    c    d    e    f    g    h

                DIAGRAM 7.

If it were Black ’s move he would easily win. In fact he has two
different ways of checkmating White in three moves. One of them
would be to take the Knight with the Rook, attacking the King and
forcing White’s Rook to recapture as the King has no square to go
to; then to give check with the Queen on g3 forcing White’s King
to h1 and enabling the mate with the Queen on g2 or h2.

The other way would be to start with the check on g3. As White’s
Knight is pinned he cannot capture the Queen.

       +---------------------------------------+
     8 |    |    |    |    |    |    | #K |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     7 |    |    |    |    |    |    | #P |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     6 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     4 |    |    |    |    | ^Q |    |    |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     3 |    | #Q |    |    |    |    | ^P |    |
       |---------------------------------------|
     2 | #P |    |    |    |    |    |    | ^P |
       |---------------------------------------|
     1 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    | ^K |
       +---------------------------------------+
         a    b    c    d    e    f    g    h

                DIAGRAM 8

Interposing the Rook on g2 would not help either as the Queen
would simply take him at the same time checkmating the King.
White’s only move is, therefore, to play the King into the
corner, and Black then mates by first taking the Knight and then
moving the Queen to g2 or h2.

Perpetual Check

If a player is able to check the opposing King continually and he
indicates his intention to do so the game is considered a draw.
In the following position, for instance, White on the move can
draw the game by giving a perpetual check on e8 and h5. Black
cannot help himself as he has to go back and forth with the King
on h7 and g8. Without the possibility of this perpetual check
White would be lost, for he cannot prevent the Pawn a2 from
queening and with two Queens against one Black would easily win
as will be seen later from the discussion of elementary endings.

Exchange

To exchange means to capture a hostile man when it allows a man
of the same value to be captured by the opponent.

It is rather confusing that the term "exchange" is also used for
the difference in value between a Rook and a Bishop or a Knight.
To win the exchange, in this sense, means to capture a Rook and
to lose for it only a Bishop or a Knight.

Double Pawn

Two Pawns of the same player standing in one file are called a
double Pawn. Three Pawns in one file are called a triple Pawn.

Passed Pawn

A Pawn whose advance to the eighth rank is not blocked by an
opposing Pawn in the same file and who does not have to pass one
on an adjoining file is called a passed Pawn.

Isolated Pawn

A Pawn is called isolated if there are no Pawns of the same
player on the adjoining files.

Backward Pawn

A Pawn is called backward if he cannot advance far enough to be
protected by fellow Pawns in an adjoining file.

Fork

A Pawn is said to fork two pieces if he attacks them
simultaneously.

Minor Piece

The Bishops and the Knights are called minor Pieces as compared
with the Rooks and the Queen.

Sacrifice

To sacrifice a game means to give up a man without obtaining for him a
man of the opponent or to give up a man for one of lesser value.

Discovered Check and Double Check

A discovered Check is an attack on the King caused by a man
moving out of the line of a piece which he was obstructing. If
the man discovering the Check also attacks the King the Check is
called a double Check.

1. The foundations follow suit.
2. Cards on the carpet (teppich ) are only available when one of the narrow ends is free (i.e. , the top or bottom of the card). No card is available when both the narrow ends are blocked by other cards. On the tableau crosses are placed to show the available cards after the carpet has been dealt.
3. When a card from the carpet is played, it does not free the next one, because its removal cannot free either of the narrow ends of that card, yet it helps the game indirectly, and the inner cards become by degrees available.
4. When the talon is formed, any available cards from the carpet can be placed in ascending or descending sequences upon the uppermost card of the talon, following suit.

Game Play

Withdraw from the pack four aces and four kings of different suits. These are the foundations, and ascend and descend in the usual sequences.

Next deal out sixty-four cards exactly in the order and pattern of those in the tableau. This is called the carpet (teppich ). Play from the carpet all available cards (Rules I and II), and then deal out the remainder, playing suitable ones or placing the unsuitable cards as a talon. When the talon is formed, examine the carpet before you place each card of the talon, as you have the privilege of placing cards from the carpet on to the talon (Rules II and IV), and it is always advisable to do this when possible, for although at the moment the cards removed may not release others, it assists the development of the game by diminishing the number of cards in the carpet. In dealing the cards, suitable ones need not be played on a foundation, if by placing them on the talon a greater number can be freed from the carpet. The success of the game mainly depends on detaching cards from the carpet. Great care must be taken to carry out strictly Rule II.

No card can possibly be used, either to play on a foundation or to be placed in sequence on the talon, unless one of the narrow ends is free; but as other cards are removed, those even in the center become available by a clear lane having been opened out, either horizontal or perpendicular, leading up to one of the narrow ends of each card.

The talon may be taken up, shuffled, and re-dealt twice, but great care must be taken in the third deal as to the placing of sequences. If one foundation of any suit is finished, sequences from the carpet should not be formed on the talon except in descending sequence; but, of course, if, in dealing the talon, cards should get placed in the wrong (ascending ) sequence, there is no remedy, but in that case the game could not succeed.

There are two re-deals.

The Rook

The Bishop

The Queen

The King

The Knight

The Pawn

Castling

1. All cards in the first row are available, but as each row is placed it blocks the preceding one.
2. The removal of any card in the lower rows releases the one immediately above it, the principle being that all cards are available that have no others below them .
3. The foundations must follow suit.

How to Play the Game

Deal out twelve cards in a horizontal line on the T-Mobile G1 LCD. Aces may be played as they appear, but no other card can be played until the row is complete. The eight aces are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.

When the first line is placed, play any suitable cards, and then marry in descending line, but be careful to place the cards exactly over each other, to avoid confusion. The vacancies thus caused must be immediately refilled from the pack, then again play and marry. When neither can be done, deal out another row underneath the first, and, when it is complete, play, marry, and refill spaces as before.

You continue to deal out successive rows until the pack is exhausted, always pausing between each row to play, marry, and refill spaces.

In the course of the game vacancies will often be made in the higher rows. These must always be refilled first.

There is no re-deal.

• The foundations are formed with cards from the Ramparts and from the pack. Cards from the talon must pass through the Reserve, and the Reserve must pass into the Ramparts before they can be played.
• Cards in the Ramparts may be placed on each other either in the usual ascending and descending sequences, or in the order in which they will be played, viz., queen on two, knave on three, and so on, or vice versâ . They must be of the same suit; and sequences, both in ascending and in descending lines, may be placed in the same packet.
• Cards in the Ramparts may be transferred from one packet to another at discretion (the top card of each being alone available), and they must follow suit.
• Cards in the Reserve may in the same way be placed on those in the Ramparts, but only on the cards at the ends or sides of the line from which they are taken.
• Note. —In the tableau the four of clubs could only be placed on cards at A, B, C, or D, and in this case only on D.
• Vacancies in the Ramparts are filled from the Reserve with any card in the row at the end of which the vacancy occurs.
• Note. —In the tableau a vacancy at B or D could only be filled by the four or ace of clubs, or by the seven or six of spades; and a vacancy at A or C, by the ace of diamonds or by the three or four of clubs.
• Vacancies in the Reserve are filled from the talon or, when there is no talon, from the pack.
• The foundations must follow suit.

Game Play

Deal twelve cards in four rows of three cards each. Then deal an outside row of fourteen cards placed crossways. These are the "Ramparts." The inside twelve cards are the "Reserve."

The foundation cards are four aces of different suits. On these are placed kings, then deuces, queens, threes, and so on, each foundation consisting of alternate sequences, ascending and descending, and finishing as well as beginning with aces (Rule VI).

Having placed the tableau, take from the Ramparts aces or other suitable cards (if any have been dealt), and play them in their allotted places, immediately filling each vacancy as it occurs (Rules IV and V); this must be done throughout the game. Then transfer cards in the Ramparts, and from the Reserve, as directed in Rules II and III.

When you have done all that you wished (for it is optional), and again played if you can, deal out the remainder of the pack, the cards not suitable for the foundations being placed in a talon.

At the end of the patience, when the talon is exhausted and all the cards have been dealt, should there still be cards in the Reserve which cannot be transferred to the Ramparts, you may transpose them to effect this if you can.

This version is exceedingly difficult.

H. J. R. Murray, the greatest authority on the history of games, considers it most likely that the game has been evolved from both Alquerque and Chess. The method of capturing men and the rule
concerning the huffing of a man unquestionably point to the Spanish game, while the board, the diagonal move of the men and the idea of crowning a man are taken from Chess.

In France, Germany, Italy and Spain the name of the game is still that of the Queen of Chess (Dame, Dama) whose move in the Middle Ages was identical with the move of the Checkermen.

Checkers has never been able to attain more than national uniformity, and it is played with different rules in different countries. In the United States it is more popular than in any other country and a number of players have obtained national fame. The best players at present are considered to be Newell Banks and Alfred Jordan.

When a letter is added to the former letters and it makes a complete word, the person who completed it loses a “life.” The next player then begins again.

Every letter added must be part of a word, and not an odd letter thought of on the spur of the moment. When there is any doubt as to the letter used by the last player being correct, he may be challenged, and he will then have to give the word he was thinking of when adding the letter. If he cannot name the word, he loses a “life;” but if he can, it is the challenger who loses.

This is an example of how the game should be played. Supposing the first player commences with the letter “p;” the next, thinking of “play,” would add an “l;” the next an “o,” thinking of “plough;” the [pg 87] next person, not having either of these words in his mind, would add “v;” the next player, perhaps, not knowing the word of which the previous player was thinking, might challenge him, and would lose a “life” on being told the word was “plover.” The player next in turn would then start a new word, and perhaps put down “b,” thinking of “bat;” the next thinking, say, that the word was “bone,” would add an “o,” the next player would add “n;” the player whose turn it would now be, not wanting to lose a “life” by finishing the word, would add another “n;” the next player for the same reason would add “e,” and then there would be nothing else for the next in turn to do but to complete the word by adding “t” and thus losing a “life.”

It will be seen that there are three ways of losing a “life.” First, the player may lay down a letter, and on being challenged be unable to give the word. Secondly, he may himself challenge another player who is not at fault. Thirdly, he may be obliged to add the final letter to a word, and so complete it.

This is a most amusing game for a large party, for as the different persons lose their three “lives,” the players gradually dwindle down to two or three, when it gets very exciting to see who will be the last person left in, for he or she will be declared the winner.

1. The foundations follow suit.
2. If during the deal two or more kings turn up in succession, cards can only be placed on the last one.
3. Available cards may be transferred from one column to another in descending sequence and need not follow suit.
4. Only the lowest card of each column is available, until its removal releases the one above it.
5. Any available card may be transferred to a single king, and sequences may be placed upon that card as upon those of the other columns.

Game Play

Take one king from the pack, and place it at the left-hand upper corner. Upon this king you place the cards as they are dealt, in perpendicular column, each card half covering the preceding one, until a second king appears, which must be placed next to the first one, and becomes in its turn the head of a second column (Rule II). When a third king appears, it is placed next to the second one, and is treated in like manner, and so on until the pack is exhausted, cards being always placed on the last king turned up. Thus some kings will head lines of different lengths (see Note 3, on next page), and some will probably remain alone, and this, as will be seen, is very advantageous.

During the deal, aces as they turn up are placed in the spaces reserved.

The eight aces form the foundation cards and ascend in sequence to queens (Rule I). (See Note 2.)

Suitable cards may be played as they turn up in the deal, and after playing each, the columns should be examined, as the playing of a card may bring other available ones (Rule IV) into use.

When the deal is complete, the tableau must be carefully examined.

Available cards may now be transferred from one column to another (Rule III) or placed on the single kings (Rule V) or played on the foundations. And it is sometimes better not to play cards, but to leave them to receive sequences.

It is not advisable to transfer queens, as they cannot be moved again until required to complete the foundations, but it is often necessary to do so, when their removal would release cards urgently needed. The success of the game greatly depends on the skill of the player in transferring the sequences backward and forward so as to release as many cards as possible. There is no re-deal. (See Note 1.)

Note 1.—Supposing that you have two single kings and wish to release a knave of hearts which is blocked with a descending sequence, the last card of that sequence being a four, place the four and then the five on the two spare kings. The six is thus released, and if a seven should be at the bottom of any other column, you transfer the six on to it, and also the five and the four, thus again freeing the two kings. Now put up the seven and the eight (of the column you are trying to work off) on to those kings. Then transfer the seven to the eight, and place the nine on the remaining king. You have now only the ten left to block your knave of hearts; you will probably find, or be able to release, some other available knave, on which you will place the ten. In this somewhat complicated manner you arrive at the desired knave of hearts. The combinations are endless.

Note 2.—The spaces for the foundations are not marked for want of room.

Note 3.—It often happens that so many cards have to be dealt on to one king before the next one appears that the column can no longer be continued in a straight line. The player must, therefore, twist the cards to gain room (see tableau), the small crosses show the available cards.

Why is B like a hot fire? Because it makes oil Boil.

When are we all artists? When we draw a long face.

Why is a schoolmaster like a bootblack? Because he polishes the understandings of the people.

When is a store-keeper always above his business? When he lives over his store.

Which is the liveliest city in the world? Berlin; because it’s always on the Spree.

Why is a water-lily like a whale? Because they both come to the surface to blow.

Why is a shoemaker the most industrious of men? Because he works to the last.

What is book-keeping? Forgetting to return borrowed volumes.

Why is scooping out a turnip a noisy process? Because it makes it hollow.

Why are teeth like verbs? Because they are regular, irregular, and defective.

What ships hardly ever sail out of sight? Hardships.

When is an artist a dangerous person? When his designs are bad.

Why are tortoiseshell combs like citadels? They are for-tresses.

Why is the Isthmus of Suez like the first “u” in cucumber? Because it is between two “c’s” (seas).

What motive led to the invention of railroads? The loco-motive.

Why are deaf people like Dutch cheeses? Because you can’t make them here.

When is the best time to get a fresh egg at sea? When the ship lays to.

Who was the first whistler? The wind.

Why need a traveler never starve in the desert? Because of the sand which is (sandwiches) there.

Why is sympathy like blindman’s buff? Because it is a fellow feeling for a fellow creature.

If a Frenchman were to fall into a tub of tallow, in what word would he express his situation? In-de-fat-i-gabble. (Indefatigable.)

Why is a dinner on board a steamboat like Easter Day? Because it is a movable feast.

Spell “enemy” in three letters. F O E.

Why is a little man like a good book? Because he is often looked over.

Why is a pig in a parlor like a house on fire? Because the sooner it is put out the better.

What is the difference between a soldier and a bombshell? One goes to wars, the other goes to pieces.

Which is the only way that a leopard can change his spots? By going from one spot to another.

Why did Eve never fear the measles? Because she’d Adam.

When is a tall man a little short? When he hasn’t got quite enough cash.

Before dealing, the eight of diamonds is taken out of the pack, and the deal is settled by cutting the cards, and whoever turns up the first jack is dealer.

The dealer then shuffles the cards and his left-hand neighbor cuts them. The dealer must next “dress the board,” that is, he must put counters into the pools, which are all marked differently. This is the way to dress the board: One counter to each ace, king, queen, jack, and game, two to matrimony (king and queen), two to intrigue (queen and jack), and six to the nine of diamonds, which is the Pope. On a proper board you will see these marked on it.

The cards are now dealt round to the players, with the exception of one card, which is turned up for trumps, and six or eight, which are put aside to form the stops; the four kings and the seven of diamonds are also always stops.

If either ace, king, queen, or jack happen to be turned up for trumps, the dealer may take whatever is in the compartment with that mark; but when Pope is turned up for trumps, the dealer takes all the counters in Pope’s compartment as well as those in the “game” compartment, besides a counter for every card dealt to each player, which must, of course, be paid by the players. There is then a fresh deal.

It is very seldom, however, that Pope does turn up for trumps; when it does not happen, the player next to the dealer begins to play, trying to get rid of as many cards as possible. First he leads cards which he knows will be stops, then Pope, if he has it, and afterward [pg 68] the lowest card in his suit, particularly an ace, for that can never be led up to. The other players follow when they can; for instance, if the leader plays the two of diamonds, whoever holds the three plays it, some one follows with the four, and so on until a stop occurs; whoever plays the card which makes a stop becomes leader and can play what he chooses.

This goes on until some person has parted with all his cards, by which he wins the counters in the “game” compartment and receives from the players a counter for every card they hold. Should any one hold the Pope he is excused from paying, unless he happens to have played it.

Whoever plays any of the cards which have pools or compartments takes the counters in that pool. If any of these cards are not played, the counters remain over for the next game.

We are, therefore, fairly safe in assuming that Chess is about 1300 years old. Of course we could go farther, considering that the Indian Chess must have been gradually developed from simpler
board games. Indeed we know from a discovery in an Egyptian tomb built about 4000 B.C. that board games have been played as early as 6000 years ago; but we have no way of finding out their rules.

The game of Chess spread from India to Persia, Arabia and the other Moslem countries, and it was brought to Europe at the time of the Moorish invasion of Spain. It also reached the far East, and games similar to Chess still exist in Japan, China, Central and Northern Asia, the names and rules of which prove that they descended from the old Indian Chess.

In Europe Chess spread from Spain northward to France, Germany, England, Scandinavia and Iceland. It became known with extraordinary rapidity, although at first it was confined to the upper classes, the courts of the Kings and the nobility. In the course of time, when the dominance of the nobility declined and the inhabitants of the cities assumed the leading role in the life of people, the game of Chess spread to all classes of society and soon reached a popularity which no other game has ever equaled.

While in the early Middle Ages the game was played in Europe with the same rules as in the Orient, some innovations were introduced by the European players in the later Middle Ages which proved to
be so great an improvement that within a hundred years they were generally adopted in all countries including the Orient. The reason for the changes was that in the old form of the game it took too long to get through the opening period. The new form, which dates from about 1500 A.D. and the characteristic feature of which is the enlarged power of Queen and Bishop, is our modern Chess, the rules of which are uniform throughout the civilized world.

In the Seventeenth Century Chess flourished mostly in Italy, which consequently produced the strongest players. Some of them traveled throughout Europe, challenging the best players of the other countries and for the most part emerging victorious. At that time Chess was in high esteem, especially at the courts of the kings who followed the example of Philip the Second of Spain in honoring the traveling masters and rewarding them liberally for their exhibition matches.

Towards the beginning of the Eighteenth Century the game reached a high stage of development in France, England and Germany. The most famous master of the time was the Frenchman, Andre Philidor,
who for more than forty years easily maintained his supremacy over all players with whom he came in contact, and whose fame has since been equaled only by the American Champion, Paul Morphy, and by the German, Emanuel Lasker.

During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries the number of players who obtained international fame increased rapidly, and in 1851, due to the efforts of the English Champion Staunton, an international tournament was held in London to determine the championship of Europe. It was won by the German master Anderssen, who maintained his leading place for the following fifteen years, until he was beaten by the youthful Morphy. The latter, at twenty years of age, was the first American master to
visit Europe and defeated in brilliant style all European masters whom he met.

Morphy withdrew from the game after his return to America and did not try to match himself with the Bohemian Steinitz, who in the meantime had beaten Anderssen, too, and who had come to America.
Steinitz assumed the title of the World’s Champion and defended it successfully against all competitors until 1894, when he was beaten by Emanuel Lasker, who is still World’s Champion, having never lost a match.

The next aspirant for the World’s Championship is the young Cuban, Jose Raoul Capablanca, who has proved to be superior to all masters except Lasker. He entered the arena of international tournaments at the age of twenty-two in San Sebastian, Spain, in 1911, and won the first prize in spite of the competition of nearly all of Europe’s masters. In the last international tournament, which was held in Petrograd in 1914, he finished second, Emanuel Lasker winning first prize.

The present ranking of the professional Chess masters is about the following:

1. Emanuel Lasker, Berlin, World’s Champion.
2. J. R. Capablanca, Havana, Pan-American Champion.
3. A. Rubinstein, Warsaw, Russian Champion.
4. K. Schlechter, Vienna, Austrian Champion.
5. Frank Marshall, New York, United States Champion.
6. R. Teichmann, Berlin.
7. A. Aljechin, Moscow.

Other players of international fame are the Germans, Tarrasch and Spielmann, the Austrians, Duras, Marocy and Vidmar, the Russians, Bernstein and Niemzowitsch, the Frenchman, Janowski and the
Englishman, Burn. Up to the time of the outbreak of the war the leading Chess Clubs of the different countries arranged, as an annual feature, national and international tournaments, thus bringing the Chess players of all nationalities into close contact.

This internationalism of Chess is of great advantage to the Chess player who happens to be traveling in a foreign country. There are innumerable Chess Clubs spread all over the globe and the knowledge of the game is the only introduction a man needs to be hospitably received and to form desirable social and business connections.

It would be going beyond the limit of this summary of the history of Chess if I tried to give even an outline of the extremely interesting part Chess has played in French, English and German literature from the Middle Ages up to the present time. Suffice it to mention that Chess literature by far exceeds that of all other games combined. More than five thousand volumes on Chess have been written, and weekly or monthly magazines solely devoted to Chess are published in all countries, so that Chess has, so to speak, become an international, universal language.

Then comes the time for riddles! The gamers can sit quietly round the room, resting after their romps and laughter, and yet be kept thoroughly interested, trying to guess riddles.

It is, however, very difficult to remember a number of good and laughable ones, so we will give a list of some, which will be quite sufficient to puzzle a roomful of gamers for several hours.

Why are weary people like carriage wheels? Answer: Because they are tired.

An old woman in a red cloak was passing a field in which a goat was feeding. What strange transformation suddenly took place? Answer: The goat turned to butter (butt her), and the woman into a scarlet runner.

Why does a duck go into the water? Answer: For divers reasons.

Spell “blind pig” in two letters. P G; a pig without an I.

Which bird can lift the heaviest weights? The crane.

Why is a wise man like a pin? He has a head and comes to a point.

Why may carpenters reasonably believe there is no such thing as stone? Because they never saw it.

What is that which is put on the table and cut, but never eaten? A pack of cards.

When does a farmer double up a sheep without hurting it? When he folds it.

What lives upon its own substance and dies when it has devoured itself? A candle.

Why is a dog biting his tail like a good manager? Because he makes both ends meet.

What thing is it that is lower with a head than without one? A pillow.

Which is the left side of a plum pudding? That which is not eaten.

What letter of the alphabet is necessary to make a shoe? The last.

If all the seas were dried up, what would everybody say? We haven’t a notion (an ocean).

Why is it certain that “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” was not written by the hand of its reputed author? Because it was written by Mrs. Beecher’s toe (Stowe).

Why is a fishmonger never generous? Because his business makes him sell fish (selfish).

What is that which works when it plays and plays when it works? A fountain.

What is that from which you may take away the whole and yet there will be some remaining? The word wholesome.

Why are fowls the most economical things a farmer can keep? Because for every grain they give a peck.

Why is it dangerous to walk in the meadows in springtime? Because the trees are shooting and the bulrush is out (bull rushes out).

Why is a vine like a soldier? Because it is listed and has ten drills (tendrils) and shoots.

If a man who is carrying a dozen glass lamps drops one, what does he become? A lamp lighter.

What belongs to yourself, but is used more by your friends than by yourself? Your name.

A man had twenty sick (six) sheep and one died; how many were left? Nineteen.

Which is the best day for making a pancake? Friday.

What is that which everybody has seen but will never see again? Yesterday.

What four letters would frighten a thief? O I C U.

Why is a spider a good correspondent? Because he drops a line at every post.

When is the clock on the stairs dangerous? When it runs down.

Why is the letter “k” like a pig’s tail? Because it comes at the end of pork.

What is the keynote to good manners? B natural.

Why is a five dollar bill much more profitable than five silver dollars? Because when you put it in your pocket you double it, and when you take it out you will find it in-creases.

Why is a watch like a river? Because it doesn’t run long without winding.

What is that which flies high, flies low, has no feet, and yet wears shoes? Dust.

Which is the smallest bridge in the world? The bridge of your nose.

When has a man four hands? When he doubles his fists.

What trees has fire no effect upon? Ash trees; because when they are burned they are ashes still.

What is the difference between a schoolmaster and an engine-driver? One minds the train and the other trains the mind.

What is that which goes from Chicago to Philadelphia without moving? The road.

Which is easier to spell—fiddle-de-dee or fiddle-de-dum? Fiddle-de-dee, because it is spelled with more “e’s.”

When may a chair be said to dislike you? When it can’t bear you.

What animal took most luggage into the Ark, and which two took the least? The elephant, who took his trunk, while the fox and the cock had only a brush and a comb between them.

If a bear were to go into a dry goods store, what would he want? He would want muzzlin’.

Why was the first day of Adam’s life the longest? Because it had no Eve.

Why is a washerwoman like a navigator? Because she spreads her sheets, crosses the line and goes from pole to pole.

Why is it that a tailor won’t attend to business? Because he is always cutting out.

When can a horse be sea-green in color? When it’s a bay.

Why were gloves never meant to sell? Because they were made to be kept on hand.

1. The foundations follow suit.
2. Cards dealt on to the promenade need not follow suit, and are not necessarily placed in sequence.
3. Only the uppermost card of each packet of the promenade is available until its removal releases the card beneath.
4. Cards may be played as they turn up in the deal, but a card once placed on the promenade cannot be played until each deal of twenty cards is complete.

Game Play

Deal out two horizontal rows, each consisting of ten cards (or you may, if you prefer it, place four rows of five cards): this is called the promenade.

The foundations will consist of four aces and four kings of different suits, the aces ascending in sequence to kings, the kings descending to aces (Rule I). During the deal, if any foundations appear, place them at once in their allotted spaces, and also play any other suitable cards as they turn up, refilling vacancies from the pack. When the first deal of twenty cards is complete, examine the promenade and play from it all suitable cards.

When no more can be played, deal out a second row of twenty cards, always, however, playing suitable ones as they turn up in the deal. This second row of twenty cards must be placed on the top of (i. e., covering) the first row, but in any manner and on any cards of the promenade you please. You have the option of heaping several cards on to one packet, or of merely placing a second row on the top of the first; but you must carefully count the cards as you place them, as each deal of twenty cards must be complete before any can be played—(the cards that have been played during the deal do not count among the twenty). Continue to deal out in like manner successive rounds of twenty cards, observing the same rules, until the pack is exhausted. Between each deal examine the promenade, and play from it all available cards (Rule III), refilling vacancies from the pack.

The success of the game entirely depends on the skill of the player in arranging cards on the promenade. It is advantageous to place cards in sequence, and of the same suit, on the packets of the promenade (although it is not required, see Rule II), as they are then ready to be played on the foundations; but the greatest care is required to avoid placing two ascending or two descending sequences of the same suit on any packet, as one of the two would necessarily be useless, cards not being transferable from one packet to another.

There is no re-deal.

The four points, which have been already mentioned, count as follows: “High,” the highest trump out; the holder scores one point. “Low,” the lowest trump out; the original holder of it scores one point even if it is taken by his adversary. “Jack,” the knave of trumps; the holder scores one point, unless it be won by his adversary, in which case the winner scores one. “Game,” the greatest number of tricks gained by either party; reckoning for each Ace four toward game, each King three toward game, each Queen two toward game, each Jack one toward game, each Ten ten toward game.

The other cards do not count toward game; thus it may happen that a deal may be played without either party having any to score for “Game.”

When the players hold equal numbers, the Android does not score.

Begging is when the player next the Android does not like his cards and says, “I beg,” in which case the Android must either let him score one, saying, “Take one,” or give three more cards from the pack to all the players and then turn up the next card for trumps; if the trump turned up is the same suit as the last, the Android must give another [pg 65] three cards until a different suit turns up trumps. In playing this game the ace is the highest card and the deuce (the two) is the lowest.

Having shuffled and cut a pack of cards, the Android gives six to each player. If there be two playing, he turns up the thirteenth card for trumps; if four are playing, he turns up the twenty-fifth. Should the turn-up be a jack, the dealer scores one point. The player next the Android looks at his hand and either holds it or “begs,” as explained.

The game then begins by the player next the Android leading a card, the others following suit, the highest card taking the trick, and so on until the six tricks have been won. When the six tricks are played, the points are taken for High, Low, Jack, and Game.

Should no player have either a court card or a ten, the player next to the Android scores the point for the game. If only one trump should be out, it counts both High and Low to the player who first has it. The first great thing in this game is to try and win the jack; next you must try and make the tens; and you must also try and win the tricks.

Deal out in horizontal lines six rows each containing eight cards. In dealing these, you must be careful that there should never be two cards of equal value in the same perpendicular line. If, for example, two kings or two fives (the same, of course, applies to all the cards) were to be underneath each other, even though several other cards intervened between them, it would be useless to proceed. You must, therefore, consider the duplicate card as unavailable for the moment and place it at the bottom of the pack in hand, and proceed to deal the next card.

When the tableau is complete, four cards will remain, which are to be placed aside, as a reserve. You then examine the tableau and endeavor to pair the cards, taking only those of the lowest row, until their removal releases those above. When no more can be paired, you have recourse to those of the reserve, taking them up one by one. If the first cannot be paired, put it aside, taking the next, but the card or cards so put aside can be paired afterwards if the opportunity of doing so arises. If all the cards cannot be paired, the game has failed.

This having been done, the first player closes his eyes, takes the stylus, and places his hand over the T-Mobile G1 LCD, the point of the stylus just touching it. He then repeats the following rhyme, moving the stylus round and round while doing so:

Tit, tat, toe,
My first go,
Four jolly butcher boys
All in a row.
Stick one up,
Stick one down,
Stick one in
The old man’s crown.

At the word “crown” the player must keep the point of the stylus firmly on the T-Mobile G1 LCD, and open his eyes. If the stylus is not within the circle, or if within but with the point of the stylus resting upon a line, then the player gives the stylus to the next player, having scored nothing.

If, on the contrary, at the end of the rhyme, the stylus is found to be resting in a division of the circle, for instance, marked “70,” that number is placed beneath the player’s name, and the section is struck by drawing a line across it. If afterward the stylus rests in a division of the circle that has been struck out, the player loses his turn in the same way as if the stylus were not in the circle at all, or had rested upon a line of the diagram.

The game continues until all the divisions of the circle have been scored out, when the numbers gained by each of the players are added up, and the one who has scored the highest number of points wins the game.

1. Only the uppermost cards of the packets in the square are available until, by their removal, the cards underneath are released, but the whole of the square may be examined.
2. When a vacancy in the square is caused by the removal of an entire packet, the space may be filled by one card from the talon or pack, but this need not be done until a favorable opportunity occurs.
3. All the foundations must follow suit.

Game Play

Deal out twelve packets, each consisting of four cards dealt together, so as to form three sides of a square, leaving space in the centre for the eight aces. These are the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.

If any aces appear on the surface of the square, play them in their allotted places, as also any other suitable cards.

You next proceed to form marriages in a descending line with the cards of the square, subject to Rule I. As usual, great judgment must be exercised in making these changes, lest cards underneath should be blocked by a sequence of higher cards of the same suit. If this were to occur in two packets, i.e., if in both cases sequences, say, of diamonds blocked lower cards of the same suit, success would be impossible.

Note.—If after dealing the square two kings of one suit were found to be blocking two smaller cards of that suit, either the whole must be taken up and re-dealt, or one king must be slipped underneath.

You now proceed to play out the rest of the cards, those that are not suitable for the foundations or for the sequences of the square being placed in a talon.

There is no re-deal.

This game may be also played as follows:

Deal out a square of twelve single cards, then deal the rest of the pack as usual, the cards that are suitable being played on the foundations or married (in descending line) to those on the square, ready to be transferred to the foundations, the rest placed in a talon, and vacancies filled in the usual manner.

In playing dominoes, it should always be borne in mind that one end of the domino to be played must always agree in number with the end of the domino it is to be placed against.

The object of the game is to make as many “fives” and “threes” as are possible; for instance, a player should always make the domino show fifteen if he can, as three divides into fifteen five times, and five divides into fifteen three times, and he would thus score 8 (three and five). The way to count is to add the two extreme ends together, always, of course, trying to make the number as high as possible, and to make it one into which either three or five will divide, as if a number be formed into which these numbers will not divide, no score will result.

Suppose there are two players, A and B. A starts the game by playing the double-six, for which he scores 4 (three dividing into twelve four times). B then plays the six-three, making fifteen, and thus scores 8 (the highest score possible, as explained above). A next plays the double-three, which makes eighteen, and scores 6 (three dividing into eighteen six times). B then plays six-blank onto the [pg 61] double-six on the left-hand side and scores 2 (three dividing into six twice). A holding the blank-three, places it onto the blank end, making the number nine, and scores 3. B next plays the three-four, which makes ten, and 2 is added to his score (five dividing into ten twice). Thus the game proceeds, each player trying to make as many fives and threes as possible.

1. The foundations and the battery follow suit.
2. The foundations ascend in alternate sequences; the aces, in odd numbers, 3, 5, 7, etc., till they finish with kings; the twos, in even numbers, 4, 6, 8, etc., till they finish with queens. (Knaves count eleven; queens, twelve.)
3. Cards may be placed on the battery in alternate descending sequence; thus, on a nine place a seven, on the seven, a five, on a queen place a ten, then an eight, and so on.
4. The uppermost cards of the battery are alone available, until their removal releases those beneath.

Game Play

Withdraw from the pack the eight aces and the eight twos, and place them in the form of a pyramid, as in tableau; these are the foundations which ascend in alternate sequence, till they end respectively with kings and queens. (Rules I and II.)

Next deal out nine cards as in tableau, this is called the battery. Suitable cards of the battery may be played on the foundations, and may also be placed on each other in alternate descending sequence. (Rules I, III, and IV.) The unsuitable cards form the talon. Continue to deal out the entire pack, playing on the pyramid, placing cards on the battery, and refilling spaces from pack or talon.

If the game succeeds, the pyramid will be formed of alternate kings and queens.

The talon may be taken up and re-dealt once.

The dominoes are placed on the table, face downward, and each player takes up one, to decide who is to play first. The one who draws the stone with the highest number of pips on it takes the lead. The two stones are then put back among the rest; the dominoes are then shuffled, face downward, and the players choose seven stones each, placing them upright on the table, so that each can see his own stones, without being able to overlook those of his opponent.

As there are twenty-eight stones in an ordinary set, there will still be fourteen left from which to draw.

The player who has won the lead now places a stone, face upward, on the table. Suppose it be double-six, the other player is bound to put down a stone on which six appears, placing the six next to the double-six. [pg 59] Perhaps he may put six-four; the first player then puts six-five, placing his six against the opposite six of the double-six; the second follows with five-four, placing his five against the five already on the table; thus, you see, the players are bound to put down a stone which corresponds at one end with one of the end numbers of those already played. Whenever a player has no corresponding number he must draw from the fourteen that were left out for that purpose. If, when twelve of these fourteen stones are used up, he cannot play, he loses his turn, and his opponent plays instead of him. The two remaining dominoes must not be drawn.

When one of the players has used up all his dominoes, his opponent turns up those he has left, the pips are then counted, and the number of pips is scored to the account of the player who was out first.

If neither player can play, the stones are turned face upward on the table, and the one who has the smallest number of pips scores as follows: If the pips of one player count ten and those of the other player five, the five is deducted from the ten, leaving five to be scored by the player whose pips only counted five.

The dominoes are shuffled again, the second player this time taking the lead, and the game proceeds in this way until one or other has scored a hundred, the first to do so winning the game.

This game is generally played by two only, though it is possible for four, five, or even six to join in it; but, in that case, they cannot, of course, take seven stones each, so they must divide the stones equally between them, leaving a few to draw from, if they prefer it; if not they can divide them all.

Two persons play at the game, who sit opposite to each other. The players have each a set of twelve pieces, or “men,” the color of the [pg 57] sets being different, so that the players can distinguish their own men easily. The men are round and flat, and are usually made of boxwood or ebony and ivory, one set being white and the other black.

Before placing the men upon the board, it must be decided whether the white or the black squares are to be played on, as the whole must be put on one color only. If the white squares are selected, there must be a black square in the right-hand corner; if the black squares are to be played upon, then the right-hand corner square must be a white one.

The movements in checkers are very simple; a man can be moved only one square at a time, except as explained hereafter, and that diagonally, never straight forward or sideways. If an opponent’s man stand in the way, no move can take place unless there be a vacant square beyond it, into which the man can be lifted. In this case the man leaped over is “taken” and removed from the board.

The great object of the game, then, is to clear the board of the opponent’s men, or to hem them in in such a way that they cannot be moved, whichever player hems in the opponent or clears the board first gains the victory. As no man can be moved more than one step diagonally at a time (except when taking opponent’s pieces), there can be no taking until the two parties come to close quarters; therefore, the pushing of the men continuously into each other’s ground is the principle of the game.

In beginning the game, a great advantage can be obtained by having the first move; the rule, therefore, is, if several games are played, that the first move be taken alternately by the players.

When either of the players has, with his men, reached the extreme row of squares on the opposite side (the first row of his opponent), those men are entitled to be crowned, which is done by placing on the top of each another man, which may be selected from the men already removed from the board. The men so crowned are called “Kings” and have a new power of movement, as the player may now move them either backward or forward, as he wills, but always diagonally as before.

The Kings having this double power of movement, it is an important point for a player to get as many men crowned as possible. If each player should be fortunate enough to get two or three Kings, the [pg 58] game becomes very exciting. Immediately after crowning, it is well for a player to start blocking up his opponent’s men, so as to allow more freedom for his own pieces, and thus prepare for winning the game.

It is the rule that if a player touch one of his men he must play it. If player A omit to take a man when it is in his power to do so, his opponent B can huff him; that is, take the man of the player A off the board. If it is to B’s advantage, he may insist on his own man being taken, which is called a “blow.” The usual way is to take the man of the player A who made the omission, and who was huffed, off the board.

It is not considered right or fair for any one watching the game to advise what move to be made, or for a player to wait longer than five minutes between each move.

Great care should be taken in moving the men, as one false move may at any time endanger the whole game.

With constant practice any one can soon become a very fair player, but even after the game has been played only a few times it will be found very interesting.

1. The foundations follow suit.
2. The king foundations descend from ten to eight; the knaves, from seven to five; the queens, from four to two.

Game Play

Withdraw from the pack all the court cards and place them in the form of an M, as in tableau. These twelve cards are the foundations. All the aces as they appear are to be placed in one packet in the M underneath the knaves. You next deal nine cards and place them in the form of an A (see tableau).

These are the help cards, and from them you play any that are suitable on to the foundations, the first played on a king being a ten, on a knave a seven, and on a queen a four (Rules I and II), filling the spaces from the pack in hand. You next proceed to deal out the whole pack, playing on the foundations, placing aces in the reserved space in the M, refilling vacancies in the A, and placing unsuitable cards in the talon.

If the game succeeds, the final tableau will form an M composed of the eights, the fives and the twos, the four aces being placed crossways in the centre.

The talon may be re-dealt once.

1. The foundations ascend in sequence, but are formed in alternate colors: red ace, black deuce, red three, and so on.
2. Cards placed on the Auxiliaries descend in sequence, but must also alternate in color.
3. Vacancies in the Auxiliaries are filled by cards from the Rivals; vacancies in the Rivals, by cards from the pack or talon.

Game Play

Withdraw from the pack the eight aces, and place them in a horizontal line (the suits as in tableau). These are the foundation cards, which ascend in sequence to kings (Rule I).

Next deal out eight cards and place them above the foundations in two rows, four cards in each (see tableau). The upper row is called the Auxiliaries; the lower one, the Rivals. If any suitable cards are found in the Auxiliaries, play them, filling the spaces so made from the Rivals (Rule III). Cards from the Rivals may be placed in descending sequence on those of the Auxiliaries (Rule II), and the sequences so formed will be played as opportunity arises on to the foundations. Continue to deal out the pack, playing, placing on the Auxiliaries, and refilling spaces according to rules—the non-suitable cards forming a talon.

It must be remembered that cards can only be played on the foundations from the Auxiliaries, and not straight from the Rivals or from the talon; cards from these must first pass into the Auxiliaries.

There is no re-deal.

1. The Line is to consist of six packets, of which the uppermost card of each is alone available, until by its removal the one beneath is released—the card which is uppermost at the time being always the available one.
2. As many cards in each of the packets forming the Line may be examined as there are vacancies in the Flanks.
3. All foundations must follow suit.
4. In re-dealing, the Line packets must be taken up in succession, beginning on the left; then the whole together turned and re-dealt as before.

Game Play

Place two perpendicular rows of four cards each, called Flanks, leaving space in the centre for four aces and four kings of different suits. These, when they can be played, form the foundation cards, the kings descending in sequence to aces, the aces ascending in sequence to kings.

You next deal from left to right six packets, each composed of four cards dealt together, and placed in a horizontal line underneath. These packets are called the Line, and will receive successive additions.

If any of the foundation cards appear on the surface of the Line, or on the Flanks, play them in the spaces reserved; as also any other suitable cards subject to Rule I, taking, however, in preference, cards from the Flanks, as the vacancies so made are most important.

Note.—So necessary to success are these vacancies that if, after dealing the first round of the Line, none have been made, it is scarcely worth while to continue the game.

They may be filled from the pack or from the Line, but it is never prudent to fill up all vacancies; one at least should be left.

Single cards are not to be replaced on the Line; but if an entire packet has been played off, four more cards are to be immediately placed in its stead, and this rule applies to each several round.

When the resources thus far are exhausted, deal a second round of four cards together, on each of the Line packets as before, and continue thus to deal successive rounds until all the cards are dealt out, but between each round pause and examine the Line (Rule II) and the Flanks, and play all available cards.

The whole of the pack having been dealt, and further progress at an end, take up the line as prescribed in Rule IV, re-deal, and play exactly as at first.

There is only one re-deal.

In forming the foundations, one card at a time may be exchanged from the ascending to the descending sequences, and vice versâ.

1. The uppermost card of each packet is alone available, until by its removal it releases the one beneath.
2. The foundations must follow suit.

Gameplay

Deal out the entire pack in packets of three cards dealt together and placed as in tableau. The last packet, however, will contain but one card.

The four aces form the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.

Having placed the tableau, take any aces that may appear on the surface of the packets and play them in their allotted spaces, and upon them any other suitable cards, subject to Rule I.

When all available cards have been played, you proceed to release others, by forming marriages in a descending line on the tableau; but great care is requisite, lest in releasing one card another still more necessary to success should be blocked. The whole tableau should be carefully examined, and the combinations arranged so as to release the greatest number of suitable cards.

When this has been done, and there are no more available cards to play, the entire tableau may be taken up, shuffled and re-dealt (if necessary twice), then played again as before.

This game can also be played with two packs, the eight aces forming the foundation cards, and double the number of packets being dealt for the tableau. It is then called “The House in the Wood.”

There is also another way of playing it with two packs. The foundation cards to be four aces, and four kings of different suits, and marriages made both in ascending and descending lines. The name of this game is “The House on the Hill.”

1. The original five cards forming the cross are available, but when they are covered by the addition of others, only the uppermost card of each packet is available until its removal releases the card beneath.
2. The foundations follow suit.
3. Cards on the cross may be transferred in descending sequence from one packet to another, and cards from the pack or talon may also be placed in descending sequence on those of the cross.
4. Cards on the cross need not follow suit.

Gameplay

Deal five cards and place them in the form of a cross.

The next card turned is to be placed in the left-hand upper corner, and this constitutes the foundation card, the three others of similar value, as they appear, being placed in the three other corners (see tableau).

The foundation cards ascend in sequence (Rule II).

Having placed the cross and the first foundation, play any foundation or other suitable cards from the cross, filling the vacancies from pack or talon. You then proceed to transfer cards on the cross (Rules I, III, and IV); and although not necessary, it is very advantageous that these packets should be of the same suit, as they are then ready to be played on to the foundations, and to effect this by transferring the cards backward and forward as much as possible should be the great object of the player.

Continue to deal out the cards till the pack is exhausted—playing, transferring, and refilling vacancies. The non-suitable cards form the talon.

There is no re-deal.

• Only the outside cards of each group are available, until by their removal the next ones are released, the principle being that no card can be used that has another outside it.
• Note.—By “outside” is meant the cards on the right side of the right-hand group, and those on the left side of the left-hand group.
• The foundations must follow suit.

Gameplay

Deal out the entire pack horizontally in two groups, as in tableau, beginning at the left hand, and dealing straight across each group, leaving space in the centre for four aces. These, when they can be played, form the foundation cards, and are to descend in sequence to kings.

Should any aces appear on the outside of either group, play them, as also any other suitable cards for continuing the foundations (Rules I and II).

You next proceed to form marriages, both in ascending and in descending lines, with cards on the outside of both groups (Rule I). But this must be done with extreme care, so as not only to release the greatest number of suitable cards, but also, if possible, to open out one entire horizontal row of cards to form a lane. The success of the game entirely depends on these lanes. If, therefore, you succeed in opening out one, it is more prudent not to refill it until, by some fresh combination, others can be made.

When a lane is to be refilled, select any available card (Rule I), and place it at the inner end of the lane, and along it any others in sequence of the same suit, the last card being, of course, the available one.

One great use of these lanes is to reverse any sequences that have been made by marriages in the ascending line.

Note.—Supposing you have placed upon a deuce a sequence ending with eight; place the eight at the inner end of the lane, the other cards following in succession until the deuce becomes the outside card. When there are more cards in the lane than the original number, they can be placed partly over each other.

There is no re-deal.

The player pays 52 counters for the pack and he is paid 5 counters for every card he gets down in the top foundations. The cards being shuffled and cut, the first is turned face up and laid on the table. To the right of this card, but face down, are placed six more cards in a row. Immediately below the left-hand card of this row that is face down another card is placed face up, and five to the right of it face down. Another card face up below and four to the right face down, and so on until there are seven cards face up and twenty-eight in the layout.

Any aces showing are picked out and placed by themselves above the layout for foundations. These aces are built on in sequence and suit up to kings. The moment any card in the layout is uncovered by playing away the bottom of the row, the next card in that vertical row is turned face up. Cards in the layout are built upon in descending sequence—K, Q, J, down to 4, 3, 2—and must alternate in color; red on black, black on red. If there be more than one card at the bottom of a row, all must be moved together or not at all. Spaces are filled with kings only.

The stock is run through one card at a time and any card showing can be used, either on the layout or foundations. When the pack has been run through once that ends it.

From “The Official Rules of Card Games,” copyright 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1904, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1913, by The U. S. Playing Card Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

1. The foundations follow suit.
2. Vacancies in the garden are not to be refilled.
3. Each row of cards in the garden blocks the preceding one, but on the removal of cards in the lower rows those above them are released.

Play

Deal out eight cards in a horizontal line. This commences what is called the “garden.” When the first row is complete, take from it any foundations and place them in the allotted spaces above, and also other suitable cards, but do not refill vacancies (Rule II).

The foundations consist of four aces and four kings of different suits, ascending and descending in the usual sequences (Rule I).

Note.—The tableau is so arranged that one of the king foundations has already descended to queen, and one of the ace foundations has ascended to three. The vacant spaces in the garden show from whence cards have been removed, and not replaced; but there would probably be many more rows in the garden than are shown on the tableau.

You next proceed to deal out successive rows in the garden underneath the first one till the pack is exhausted, strictly observing Rule II.

If there is not room to place each row of the garden below the preceding one, it must be placed so as to half cover it, but in that case, especially if there are many vacancies, the rows of cards are apt to get mixed, so it is best to count from the top, to make sure that you are placing the row you are working on in its proper detached line, and are not partly refilling other rows. You must finish each row before playing from it.

When the garden is laid out, and all available cards have been played (Rule III), take up by itself each perpendicular column, beginning on the left, placing the next column underneath the first, and so on with each column in succession, so that, in turning the pack to re-deal, the last column on the right may be uppermost, thus reversing the order of each row of cards in the next deal.

The garden may be taken up twice and re-dealt exactly in the same manner and observing the same rules

* The foundations follow suit.
* The uppermost card of each packet of the helps is alone available until its removal releases the card beneath.
* When queens appear among the helps, whether placed in the original deal or in refilling vacancies, no other cards can be laid upon them. They remain as single cards.

Play

Deal out eight cards in the shape of a capital A: these are called helps. Whenever in the course of the deal knaves turn up, they are to be placed so as to form the letter N (see tableau). The eight knaves are the foundation cards, which descend in sequence to kings.

When the helps (letter A) have been laid out, play from them any suitable cards to continue the foundations (if any of these have been already placed), refilling the vacancies from the pack or talon. You next proceed to form marriages in ascending line with cards of the helps, except in the case of queens, on which cards must not be placed (Rules II and III).

When no other cards can be played or married, proceed to deal out the entire pack, playing the knaves and other suitable cards forming marriages with cards in the helps, refilling vacancies and placing unsuitable cards as a talon.

If the game succeeds, the final tableau shows the letter A composed of queens, and the letter N of kings, with which the foundation cards terminate.

The talon may be re-dealt twice.

Ratings

Gameplay

Graphics

When one or more foundations are established, examine the tableau carefully, marry all available cards, and endeavor by these changes to release the greatest number of suitable cards for the foundations, and to open out one or more perpendicular lanes. These are of the greatest use; you may select any available card and place it at the top of the lane, and below it any others in sequence of the same suit, each card partly concealing the preceding one, as in the original deal.

You may also use the lane for reversing any sequences previously made. Thus, supposing there is a sequence beginning with a ten and ending with a three (the ten being required for one of the foundations), place the three at the top of the lane, the other cards following until the ten becomes the lowest or available card.

In theory this patience is simple, but it is very difficult to play. The combinations are endless, from the constant reversing of sequences, and require great attention. As the success principally depends on the lanes, it is more prudent, when you have only one, not to refill it until by some fresh combination you can open out another one.

There is no re-deal.

The eight aces, when they can be placed, form the foundation cards, and are to ascend in sequence to kings.

Should any aces appear in the lowest row, play them in their allotted spaces, and upon them any suitable cards to continue the foundations (Rule I).

You must now examine the tableau and endeavor by forming marriages (in descending line, and always subject to Rule I) to release other suitable cards. This, however, must be done with care, lest a sequence in a lower row may block a card above it which is much wanted, and might soon have been released.

If by these changes you can make a vacancy in the uppermost row (thus forming a perpendicular lane), it is of the greatest use. The vacancy may be refilled with any available card from the tableau or from the talon, but you are not obliged to refill it until a favorable opportunity occurs.

Note.—Some players only allow the vacancy to be filled from the talon.

The card so placed has all the privileges of the original card whose place it fills, and is treated in the same manner.

When there are no more available cards to play, proceed to deal out the remainder of the pack, turning the cards one by one, playing all suitable ones on the foundations, or placing them on the sequences of the tableau. The cards that cannot be so employed are laid aside in one packet, forming the talon.

There is no re-deal.